Reduction of Hydrogen
Sulfide & Mercaptans Technology
Environment
The volume of production and processing of mercaptan-containing oil is continuously growing every year. The entire production chain of extraction and processing of oil with a high content of toxic organic compounds according to existing schemes leads to serious environmental consequences. When processing such raw materials, the air and water basins are inevitably polluted. In addition, during the processing of high-sulfur oils, due to the low thermal stability of organosulfur compounds, secondary hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are released, which can enter commercial products.
On the other hand, the tightening of environmental requirements for the initial hydrocarbon feedstock and products of its processing is a modern trend in the world market. Reducing the corrosivity of hydrocarbons is an economic necessity for manufacturers, transport and consumer businesses. Thus, the inclusion of the demercaptanization process both in primary oil treatment units and in the technological schemes of refineries is becoming an increasingly urgent task every year.
On the other hand, the tightening of environmental requirements for the initial hydrocarbon feedstock and products of its processing is a modern trend in the world market. Reducing the corrosivity of hydrocarbons is an economic necessity for manufacturers, transport and consumer businesses. Thus, the inclusion of the demercaptanization process both in primary oil treatment units and in the technological schemes of refineries is becoming an increasingly urgent task every year.
The most common way to reduce the content of hydrogen sulfide in the feedstock is the involvement in the flow of certain hydrogen sulfide absorbers. The principle of operation of absorbers is the chemical binding of hydrogen sulfide with the formation of non-volatile chemical compounds. The specific consumption of absorbers is 5-10 grams per gram of absorbed hydrogen sulfide. The high content of scavengers in processed oil adversely affects refinery equipment (Pictures showing the effects of the use of scavengers). The process of binding hydrogen sulfide requires a lot of time and, in its significant part, takes place directly in temporary storage tanks. With regard to mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide scavengers are ineffective. As a result, significant amounts of hazardous pollutants are released into the surrounding atmosphere.
Technologies for the catalytic oxidation of mercaptides to safe disulfides with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of phthalocyanine catalysts involve the use of alkali. The use of alkaline catalytic technologies requires the preliminary removal of hydrogen sulfide from the feedstock. Such technologies are highly effective in relation to liquefied hydrocarbon gases and light oil products. The application of these technologies to crude oil and dark oil products can be complicated by the formation of hard-to-separate emulsions, as well as the need for preliminary removal of hydrogen sulfide.The annual production and refining of mercaptan-containing oils is progressively increasing from year to year. The entire production and refining chain of oils with high contents in toxic organic compounds according to the schemes, provokes the serious ecological consequences.
Toughening of environmental requirements with regard to the initial hydrocarbon material and its processing products is a modern trend of worldwide market. The decrease of the corrosivity of hydrocarbons is the economic necessity for the manufacturers, transport and consumer companies.
Incorporation of demercaptanization process both into the primary oil processing equipment, and the flow-charts of oil refineries, becomes more and more actual task with every year.
Our technology implementation allows - to reduce the costs of hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans treatment of raw materials - to eliminate the negative impact of absorbers on oil refining processes - to reduce the ecological impact on the environment.
Technologies for the catalytic oxidation of mercaptides to safe disulfides with atmospheric oxygen in the presence of phthalocyanine catalysts involve the use of alkali. The use of alkaline catalytic technologies requires the preliminary removal of hydrogen sulfide from the feedstock. Such technologies are highly effective in relation to liquefied hydrocarbon gases and light oil products. The application of these technologies to crude oil and dark oil products can be complicated by the formation of hard-to-separate emulsions, as well as the need for preliminary removal of hydrogen sulfide.The annual production and refining of mercaptan-containing oils is progressively increasing from year to year. The entire production and refining chain of oils with high contents in toxic organic compounds according to the schemes, provokes the serious ecological consequences.
Toughening of environmental requirements with regard to the initial hydrocarbon material and its processing products is a modern trend of worldwide market. The decrease of the corrosivity of hydrocarbons is the economic necessity for the manufacturers, transport and consumer companies.
Incorporation of demercaptanization process both into the primary oil processing equipment, and the flow-charts of oil refineries, becomes more and more actual task with every year.
Our technology implementation allows - to reduce the costs of hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans treatment of raw materials - to eliminate the negative impact of absorbers on oil refining processes - to reduce the ecological impact on the environment.
Current industry challenges
High corrosivity of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Extreme poisonous features of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Safety and environmental risks of subsequent processes
Longevity of tech equipment operational capabilities
Current industry challenges
High corrosivity of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Extreme poisonous features of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Safety and environmental risks of subsequent processes
Longevity of tech equipment operational capabilities
Current industry challenges
High corrosivity of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Extreme poisonous features of mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide
Safety and environmental risks of subsequent processes
Longevity of tech equipment operational capabilities
Demercaptanization Catalysts (Direct Oxidation Catalyst)
A distinctive feature of the catalysts developed by Tisola Tech is that they do not involve the use of alkali. Reducing the content of mercaptan sulfur in the product is carried out by direct conversion of mercaptans to disulfides in the presence of our catalyst:
4RSH + O2 ⟶ 2RSSR’ + 2H2O
The reagent for oxidation is the free oxygen of the air. In terms of end product properties, the use of direct oxidation catalysts leads to exactly the same result as commonly used sweeting process. In both cases, disulfides are the end product of mercaptan oxidation, and free oxygen in the air is the reagent for their oxidation. However, the oxidation of mercaptans on the direct oxidation catalyst occurs directly in a hydrocarbon environment, in contrast to phthalocyanine catalysts, which require the presence of aqueous alkali.
The oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a direct oxidation catalyst occurs according to the following scheme:
2H2S + O2 ⟶ 2S + 2H2O
Thus, the use of direct oxidation catalysts makes it possible to carry out "dry" demercaptanization directly in the product stream. At the same time, the technological design of the process is significantly simplified in comparison with alkaline technologies. Accordingly, capital costs and time for equipment installation are reduced. Dry demercaptanization is applicable, unlike alkaline processes, not only to light, but also to dark oil products, including crude oil and fuel oil. Compactness and the absence of tailing processes make it easy to integrate the technology of dry demercaptanization into a standard block of primary oil treatment at the field. The implementation of the technology for fuel oil is especially simple, the natural process temperature of which a priori lies in the optimal range for the operation of the catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide is the most reactive, followed by mercaptans in order of increasing molecular weight. Thus, first of all, hydrogen sulfide and the most dangerous, from the point of view of air pollution, light mercaptans are removed from the raw materials. The absence of hydrogen sulfide and volatile mercaptans in the product entering the tanks communicating with the environment eliminates harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the use of direct oxidation catalysts makes it possible not only to obtain a product that meets the requirements of regulatory documentation, but also to significantly improve the environmental situation both in the areas where oil fields are located and along the entire transport chain, including main tanks (when transported through pipelines), railway and port terminals, tank farms, and refineries.talyst-based technology makes it possible to carry out the “dry” demercaptanization directly within the oil product flow. This ensures the absence of wastes formation. The necessary reactor size, compared to the alkaline processes, is thus many times lower. Accordingly, the capital costs and time for the equipment assembling will be lower.
The compactness and absence of tailing processes makes it possible to easily incorporate the demercaptanization technology into the standard block of primary oil treatment at the oil field.
The arid demercaptanization is applicable, unlike the alkaline process, not only to the light but to the dark oil products, including the crude oil and mazut.
In terms of implementation, the our technology corresponds to the using of chemical adsorbents. However, unlike the adsorbents capable to neutralize only the lightest mercaptans, an advanced demercaptanization is reached while using the catalyst-based technology, up to the complete removal of all mercaptans.
4RSH + O2 ⟶ 2RSSR’ + 2H2O
The reagent for oxidation is the free oxygen of the air. In terms of end product properties, the use of direct oxidation catalysts leads to exactly the same result as commonly used sweeting process. In both cases, disulfides are the end product of mercaptan oxidation, and free oxygen in the air is the reagent for their oxidation. However, the oxidation of mercaptans on the direct oxidation catalyst occurs directly in a hydrocarbon environment, in contrast to phthalocyanine catalysts, which require the presence of aqueous alkali.
The oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a direct oxidation catalyst occurs according to the following scheme:
2H2S + O2 ⟶ 2S + 2H2O
Thus, the use of direct oxidation catalysts makes it possible to carry out "dry" demercaptanization directly in the product stream. At the same time, the technological design of the process is significantly simplified in comparison with alkaline technologies. Accordingly, capital costs and time for equipment installation are reduced. Dry demercaptanization is applicable, unlike alkaline processes, not only to light, but also to dark oil products, including crude oil and fuel oil. Compactness and the absence of tailing processes make it easy to integrate the technology of dry demercaptanization into a standard block of primary oil treatment at the field. The implementation of the technology for fuel oil is especially simple, the natural process temperature of which a priori lies in the optimal range for the operation of the catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide is the most reactive, followed by mercaptans in order of increasing molecular weight. Thus, first of all, hydrogen sulfide and the most dangerous, from the point of view of air pollution, light mercaptans are removed from the raw materials. The absence of hydrogen sulfide and volatile mercaptans in the product entering the tanks communicating with the environment eliminates harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the use of direct oxidation catalysts makes it possible not only to obtain a product that meets the requirements of regulatory documentation, but also to significantly improve the environmental situation both in the areas where oil fields are located and along the entire transport chain, including main tanks (when transported through pipelines), railway and port terminals, tank farms, and refineries.talyst-based technology makes it possible to carry out the “dry” demercaptanization directly within the oil product flow. This ensures the absence of wastes formation. The necessary reactor size, compared to the alkaline processes, is thus many times lower. Accordingly, the capital costs and time for the equipment assembling will be lower.
The compactness and absence of tailing processes makes it possible to easily incorporate the demercaptanization technology into the standard block of primary oil treatment at the oil field.
The arid demercaptanization is applicable, unlike the alkaline process, not only to the light but to the dark oil products, including the crude oil and mazut.
In terms of implementation, the our technology corresponds to the using of chemical adsorbents. However, unlike the adsorbents capable to neutralize only the lightest mercaptans, an advanced demercaptanization is reached while using the catalyst-based technology, up to the complete removal of all mercaptans.
Technology Description
catalyst
catalyst
1
Compact
Technology can easily be integrated into existing infrastructure.
2
Safe
The technology is safe to use and requires no special precautions on the part of workers.
3
Effective
The operating costs of the technology, including the cost of purchasing the catalyst, are significantly lower than the cost of purchasing hydrogen sulphide absorbers.
4
Eco-friendly
Avoiding mercaptan air pollution and the absence of sulphur-alkali effluents inherent in alkaline processes.
1
Compact
Technology can easily be integrated into existing infrastructure.
2
Safe
The technology is safe to use and requires no special precautions on the part of workers.
3
Effective
The operating costs of the technology, including the cost of purchasing the catalyst, are significantly lower than the cost of purchasing hydrogen sulphide absorbers.
4
Eco-friendly
Avoiding mercaptan air pollution and the absence of sulphur-alkali effluents inherent in alkaline processes.
1
Compact
Technology can easily be integrated into existing infrastructure.
2
Safe
The technology is safe to use and requires no special precautions on the part of workers.
3
Effective
The operating costs of the technology, including the cost of purchasing the catalyst, are significantly lower than the cost of purchasing hydrogen sulphide absorbers.
4
Eco-friendly
Avoiding mercaptan air pollution and the absence of sulphur-alkali effluents inherent in alkaline processes.
The hydrogen sulphide absorbers in use today lead to the formation of atypical deposits, both corrosion products and hard polymer deposits on the surfaces of pipes, filters, valves and other transport equipment.
The catalyst-based technology eliminates the formation of solid deposits both during oil transportation through pipelines and during refining.
The catalyst-based technology eliminates the formation of solid deposits both during oil transportation through pipelines and during refining.
An alternative to hydrogen sulphide absorbers
Application
The catalyst-based technology is unique in the compactness of the equipment introduced. Dosed catalyst can be fed directly into the oil/product stream. This makes it possible to implement the technology in both existing and newly designed plants.
The dry demercaptanisation process can be carried out directly in the hydrocarbon stream. This eliminates the creation of waste products. The capital costs and implementation time are several times lower compared to existing alternatives.
The dry demercaptanisation process can be carried out directly in the hydrocarbon stream. This eliminates the creation of waste products. The capital costs and implementation time are several times lower compared to existing alternatives.
Crude oil and Gas condensate
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Quality
Support
The technology is based on the conversion of highly corrosive mercaptans to safe disulphides
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
Jet Fuel
Transportation
The catalyst-based technology is unique in the compactness of the equipment introduced. Dosed catalyst can be fed directly into the oil/product stream. This makes it possible to implement the technology in both existing and newly designed plants.
The dry demercaptanisation process can be carried out directly in the hydrocarbon stream. This eliminates the creation of waste products. The capital costs and implementation time are several times lower compared to existing alternatives.
The dry demercaptanisation process can be carried out directly in the hydrocarbon stream. This eliminates the creation of waste products. The capital costs and implementation time are several times lower compared to existing alternatives.
The technology is based on the conversion of highly corrosive mercaptans to safe disulphides
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
Jet Fuel
Transportation
Catalyst-based technology can be used to prepare sulphurous raw materials for transport in order to remove the characteristic mercaptan odour and expand possible markets and/or to bring the mercaptan and/or hydrogen sulphide content of commercial products up to the technical requirements
The technology is based on the conversion of highly corrosive mercaptans to safe disulphides
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
The technology is based on the conversion of highly corrosive mercaptans to safe disulphides
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
The chemical reaction takes place under mild conditions and the capital cost is 10-12 times less than the construction and operation of a hydrotreating plant.
Catalyst-based technology can be used to prepare sulphurous raw materials for transport in order to remove the characteristic mercaptan odour and expand possible markets and/or to bring the mercaptan and/or hydrogen sulphide content of commercial products up to the technical requirements
Book design is the art of incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole. In the words of Jan Tschichold, "methods and rules upon which it is impossible to improve, have been developed over centuries. To produce perfect books, these rules have to be brought back to life and applied."
Front matter, or preliminaries, is the first section of a book, and is usually the smallest section in terms of the number of pages. Each page is counted, but no folio or page number is expressed, or printed, on either display pages or blank pages.
Front matter, or preliminaries, is the first section of a book, and is usually the smallest section in terms of the number of pages. Each page is counted, but no folio or page number is expressed, or printed, on either display pages or blank pages.
About us
More than 10 years of research, dozens of pilot tests. Laboratory tests are carried out in our technology laboratory. Our specialists are professionals with extensive experience in research and technology implementation. Successfully conducted testing and implementation of technology at existing enterprises.
About us
More than 10 years of research, dozens of pilot tests. Laboratory tests are carried out in our technology laboratory. Our specialists are professionals with extensive experience in research and technology implementation. Successfully conducted testing and implementation of technology at existing enterprises.
Feel free to contact us
Email: info@tisolatech.com
Email: info@tisolatech.com
